Material Name: Polyester
Asalin da Halaye
Fiber polyester, wanda aka fi sani da "polyester".Fiber roba ce da aka yi ta hanyar jujjuya polyester da aka yi daga polycondensation na Organic diacid da diol, gajere don fiber PET, wanda ke cikin babban fili na kwayoyin halitta.An ƙirƙira shi a cikin 1941, a halin yanzu shine mafi girman nau'in fiber na roba.Babban amfani da fiber polyester shine juriya na wrinkle kuma kiyaye siffar yana da kyau sosai, tare da ƙarfin ƙarfi da ƙarfin dawo da na roba.Its m m, anti - wrinkle kuma ba - guga, mara- m gashi.
Fiber Polyester (PET) wani nau'in fiber ne na roba wanda ya ƙunshi sarƙoƙi daban-daban na sarkar macromolecular da aka haɗa ta ƙungiyar ester kuma ana jujjuya su cikin fiber polymer.A kasar Sin, zaren da ke dauke da fiye da 85% polyethylene terephthalate ana kiransa polyester a takaice.Akwai sunayen kayayyaki na duniya da yawa, kamar Dacron na Amurka, Tetoron na Japan, Terlenka na United Kingdom, Lavsan na tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet, da dai sauransu.
A farkon 1894, Vorlander ya yi polyesters na ƙananan nauyin kwayoyin halitta tare da succinyl chloride da ethylene glycol.Einkorn ya haɗa polycarbonate a cikin 1898;Carothers roba aliphatic polyester: Polyester hadawa a farkon shekaru shi ne mafi yawa aliphatic fili, da dangi nauyi na kwayoyin halitta da kuma narkewa batu ne low, da sauki narkewa a cikin ruwa, don haka ba shi da darajar textile fiber.A cikin 1941, Whinfield da Dickson a Biritaniya sun haɗa polyethylene terephthalate (PET) daga dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) da ethylene glycol (EG), polymer wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don samar da zaruruwa tare da kyawawan kaddarorin ta hanyar narkewa.A cikin 1953, Amurka ta fara kafa masana'anta don samar da fiber na PET, don haka a ce, fiber PET wani nau'in fiber ne na marigayi da aka haɓaka tsakanin manyan zaruruwan roba.
Tare da haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin halitta, kimiyyar polymer da masana'antu, an haɓaka nau'ikan filaye na PET masu amfani tare da kaddarorin daban-daban a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
Irin su polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) fiber da polypropylene-terephthalate (PTT) fiber tare da babban shimfiɗaɗɗen elasticity, cikakken fiber polyester aromatic tare da matsanancin ƙarfin ƙarfi da babban modulus, da sauransu: abin da ake kira "fiber polyester" yawanci ana kiransa azaman polyethylene terephthalate fiber.
Filin Aikace-aikace
Fiber polyester yana da jerin kyawawan kaddarorin, irin su babban ƙarfin karyewa da ma'aunin ƙarfi na roba, matsakaicin ƙarfi, ingantaccen yanayin yanayin zafi, zafi mai kyau da juriya mai haske.Polyester fiber narkewa batu ne 255 ℃ ko haka, da gilashin miƙa mulki zafin jiki game da 70 ℃, a cikin wani m kewayon karshen-amfani yanayi barga siffar, masana'anta wanke da kuma sa juriya, a Bugu da kari, kuma yana da kyau kwarai impedance (kamar juriya ga Organic sauran ƙarfi). , sabulu, wanka, Bleach bayani, oxidant) kazalika da kyau lalata juriya, da rauni acid, alkali, kamar kwanciyar hankali, don haka yana da fadi da amfani da masana'antu amfani.Saurin haɓaka masana'antar mai, har ila yau, don samar da fiber na polyester don samar da albarkatun ƙasa mafi yawa da arha, haɗe tare da sinadarai, injiniyoyi, fasahar sarrafa kayan lantarki a cikin 'yan shekarun nan haɓakar fasaha, irin su albarkatun ƙasa don samarwa, samar da fiber. da machining tsari a hankali cimma gajere, ci gaba, babban gudun da aiki da kai, polyester fiber ya zama mafi sauri tasowa gudun, mafi m iri roba fiber.A cikin 2010, samar da fiber polyester na duniya ya kai tan miliyan 37.3, wanda ya kai kashi 74% na yawan samar da fiber na roba a duniya.
Abubuwan Jiki
1) Launi.Polyester gabaɗaya ya zama opalescent tare da haɗin gwiwa.Don samar da matte kayayyakin, ƙara matte TiO2 kafin kadi;don samar da samfuran fararen fata masu tsabta, ƙara wakili na fari;don samar da siliki mai launi, ƙara pigment ko rini a cikin narke.
2) Surface da giciye siffar.Filayen polyester na al'ada yana da santsi kuma sashin giciye ya kusan zagaye.Misali, za a iya yin fiber mai siffar sashe na musamman, kamar su triangular, mai-Y-dimbin yawa, ramukan da sauran siliki na musamman, ana iya yin su ta hanyar amfani da siliki na musamman.
3) Yawan yawa.Lokacin da polyester ya kasance gaba ɗaya amorphous, yawansa shine 1.333g/cm3.1.455g/cm3 lokacin da cikakke crystallized.Gabaɗaya, polyester yana da babban crystallinity da yawa na 1.38 ~ 1.40g/cm3, wanda yayi kama da ulu (1.32g/cm3).
4) Yawan dawo da danshi.Maido da danshi na polyester a daidaitaccen yanayin shine 0.4%, ƙasa da na acrylic (1% ~ 2%) da polyamide (4%).Polyester yana da ƙananan hygroscopicity, don haka ƙarfin sa ya ragu kaɗan, kuma masana'anta suna wankewa;Amma abin mamaki na wutar lantarki yana da mahimmanci lokacin sarrafawa da sawa, ƙirar iska da iska mai ƙarfi ba su da kyau.
5) Ayyukan thermal.A softening batu T na polyester ne 230-240 ℃, da narkewa batu Tm ne 255-265 ℃, da bazuwar batu T ne game da 300 ℃.Polyester na iya ƙonewa a cikin wuta, murƙushewa kuma ya narke cikin beads, tare da baƙar hayaki da ƙamshi.
6) Juriya haske.Juriyar haskensa shine na biyu kawai zuwa fiber acrylic.Hasken juriya na dacron yana da alaƙa da tsarin kwayoyin sa.Dacron kawai yana da bandeji mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a cikin yankin raƙuman haske na 315nm, don haka ƙarfinsa kawai yana asarar 60% bayan 600h na hasken rana, wanda yayi kama da auduga.
7) Ayyukan lantarki.Polyester yana da matalauta conductivity saboda da low hygroscopicity, da dielectric akai a cikin kewayon -100 ~ + 160 ℃ ne 3.0 ~ 3.8, yin shi mai kyau insulator.
Kayayyakin Injini
1) Babban tsanani.Ƙarfin bushewa shine 4 ~ 7cN / DEX, yayin da ƙarfin jika ya ragu.
2) Matsakaici elongation, 20% ~ 50%.
3) High modules.Daga cikin manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan fiber na roba, farkon modulus na polyester shine mafi girma, wanda zai iya kaiwa zuwa 14 ~ 17GPa, wanda ke sa masana'antar polyester ta tsaya tsayin daka, ba nakasawa, ba nakasawa kuma mai dorewa a pleating.
4) Kyakkyawan juriya.Ƙarfinsa yana kusa da na ulu, kuma idan an ƙara shi da 5%, an kusan dawo da shi sosai bayan zubar da kaya.Sabili da haka, juriya na ƙura na polyester ya fi na sauran kayan fiber.
5) Sanya juriya.Juriyar sawa shine na biyu kawai ga nailan, kuma fiye da sauran fiber na roba, juriya ta kusan iri ɗaya ce.
Tsabar Sinadarai
Tsayin sinadarai na polyester ya dogara ne akan tsarin sarkar kwayoyin halitta.Polyester yana da kyau juriya ga sauran reagents sai dai ta matalauta alkali juriya.
Acid juriya.Dacron yana da ƙarfi sosai ga acid (musamman Organic acid) kuma an nutsar da shi cikin maganin hydrochloric acid tare da juzu'i na 5% a 100 ℃.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-14-2022