Sunan Abu: Polyamide, Nylon (PA)
Asalin da Halaye
Polyamides, wanda aka fi sani da Nylon, tare da sunan Ingilishi na Polyamide (PA) da yawa na 1.15g/cm3, resins ne na thermoplastic tare da rukunin amide mai maimaita - [NHCO] - akan babban sarkar kwayoyin, gami da aliphatic PA, aliphatic. PA da aromatic PA.
Irin Aliphatic PA suna da yawa, tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa da aikace-aikace mai faɗi.Ana ƙayyade sunanta ta takamaiman adadin carbon atom a cikin monomer na roba.Shahararren masanin kimiyar Amurka Carothers da tawagarsa na binciken kimiyya ne suka kirkiro shi.
Nailan kalma ce ta polyamide fiber (polyamide), wadda za a iya yin ta zuwa dogon zaruruwa ko gajere.Nylon shine sunan kasuwanci na fiber polyamide, wanda kuma aka sani da Nylon.Polyamide (PA) shine polyamide aliphatic wanda aka haɗa tare da haɗin amide [NHCO].
Tsarin Kwayoyin Halitta
Za a iya raba filayen nailan gama gari zuwa kashi biyu.
Ana samun nau'in nau'in polyhexylenediamine adipate ta condensation na diamine da diacid.Tsarin tsarin sinadarai na kwayoyin halittar dogon sarkar sa shine kamar haka:H-[HN(CH2)XNHCO(CH2)YCO]-OH
Matsakaicin nauyin kwayoyin halittar wannan nau'in polyamide gabaɗaya shine 17000-23000.
Ana iya samun samfuran polyamide daban-daban bisa ga adadin carbon atom na amines na binary da diacids da aka yi amfani da su, kuma ana iya bambanta su ta lambar da aka ƙara zuwa polyamide, wanda lambar farko ita ce adadin carbon atom na amines binary, na biyu kuma. lamba shine adadin carbon atom na diacids.Misali, polyamide 66 yana nuna cewa an yi shi ta hanyar polycondensation na hexylenediamine da adipic acid.Nylon 610 yana nuna cewa an yi shi daga hexylenediamine da sebacic acid.
Ana samun ɗayan ta hanyar polycondensation na caprolactam ko polymerization na buɗewa.Tsarin tsarin sinadarai na dogayen kwayoyin sarkarsa shine kamar haka:H-[NH(CH2)XCO]-OH
Dangane da adadin carbon atom a cikin tsarin naúrar, ana iya samun sunayen iri daban-daban.Misali, polyamide 6 yana nuna cewa an samo shi ta hanyar cyclo-polymerization na caprolactam mai ɗauke da ƙwayoyin carbon guda 6.
Polyamide 6, polyamide 66 da sauran aliphatic polyamide fibers duk sun ƙunshi macromolecules na layi tare da haɗin amide (-NHCO-).Kwayoyin fiber na polyamide suna da -CO-, -NH- ƙungiyoyi, suna iya samar da haɗin gwiwar hydrogen a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma ana iya haɗa su da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta, don haka ƙarfin polyamide fiber hygroscopic yana da kyau, kuma yana iya samar da ingantaccen tsarin crystal.
Saboda -CH2- (methylene) a cikin kwayoyin polyamide na iya samar da karfi van der Waals rauni kawai, sarkar kwayoyin halitta na sashin -CH2- ya fi girma.Saboda bambancin adadin CH2- na yau, nau'ikan haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwar kwayoyin halittar hydrogen ba gaba ɗaya ba ne, kuma yuwuwar crimping na ƙwayoyin cuta shima ya bambanta.Bugu da kari, wasu kwayoyin polyamide suna da kai tsaye.Matsakaicin kwayoyin halitta ya bambanta, kuma tsarin kayan zaruruwa ba daidai ba ne.
Tsarin Halitta Da Aikace-aikace
Fiber polyamide da aka samu ta hanyar narkewa yana da sashin giciye madauwari kuma babu wani tsari na musamman na tsayi.Ana iya ganin naman fibrillar filamentous a ƙarƙashin microscope na lantarki, kuma faɗin fibril na polyamide 66 yana kusan 10-15nm.Misali, fiber polyamide mai siffa ta musamman za a iya sanya shi zuwa sassa daban-daban na musamman, kamar polygonal, mai siffar ganye, rami da sauransu.Tsarin jihar da aka mayar da hankalinsa yana da alaƙa da kusanci da shimfidawa da maganin zafi yayin jujjuyawar.
Kashin bayan macromolecular daban-daban na polyamide fibers ya ƙunshi carbon da nitrogen atom.
Fiber mai siffar siffa na iya canza elasticity na fiber, sanya fiber ya zama mai haske na musamman da kayan ƙwanƙwasa, inganta ikon riƙe fiber ɗin da ikon rufewa, tsayayya da kwaya, rage wutar lantarki da sauransu.Irin su fiber triangle yana da tasirin walƙiya;Fiber mai ganye biyar yana da haske mai haske mai haske, jin daɗin hannu mai kyau da maganin rigakafi;Fiber mai laushi saboda rami na ciki, ƙananan yawa, kyakkyawan adana zafi.
Polyamide yana da ingantattun kaddarorin, gami da kaddarorin injiniyoyi, juriya mai zafi, juriya abrasion, juriya da sinadarai da lubrication, ƙarancin gogayya, ƙarancin wuta har zuwa wani matsayi, sauƙin sarrafawa, kuma dace da haɓakar haɓakawa tare da fiber gilashi da sauran filaye, don haka kamar yadda don inganta aiki da faɗaɗa kewayon aikace-aikace.
Polyamide yana da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan, gami da PA6, PA66, PAll, PA12, PA46, PA610, PA612, PA1010, da dai sauransu, haka kuma PA6T mai ƙanshi da nailan na musamman da aka haɓaka a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-14-2022